|
Economy - overview:
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Estonia, as a new member of the World Trade Organization,
is steadily moving toward a modern market economy
with increasing ties to the West, including the
pegging of its currency to the euro. The economy
benefits from strong electronics and telecoms sectors.
A major goal is accession to the EU, possibly by
2004. The economy is greatly influenced by developments
in Finland, Sweden, and Germany, three major trading
partners. The high current account deficit remains
a concern. |
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GDP:
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purchasing
power parity - $15.52 billion (2002 est.) |
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GDP - real growth rate:
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6%
(2002 est.) |
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GDP - per capita:
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purchasing
power parity - $11,000 (2002 est.) |
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GDP - composition by sector:
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agriculture:
5.8%
industry: 28.6%
services: 65.6% (2001) |
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Population below poverty line:
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NA%
(2000) |
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Household income or consumption
by percentage share:
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lowest
10%: 3%
highest 10%: 29.8% (1998) |
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Distribution of family income
- Gini index:
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37
(1999) |
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Inflation rate (consumer prices):
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3.7%
(2002 est.) |
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Labor force:
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608,600
(2001 est.) |
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Labor force - by occupation:
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industry
20%, agriculture 11%, services 69% (1999 est.) |
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Unemployment rate:
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12.4%
(2001) |
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Budget:
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revenues:
$1.89 billion
expenditures: $1.89 billion, including capital
expenditures of $NA (2002 est.) |
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Industries:
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engineering,
electronics, wood and wood products, textile; information
technology, telecommunications |
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Industrial production growth
rate:
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5%
(2000 est.) |
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Electricity - production:
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7.937
billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - production by
source:
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fossil
fuel: 99.8%
hydro: 0.1%
other: 0.2% (2001)
nuclear: 0% |
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Electricity - consumption:
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6.192
billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - exports:
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1.19
billion kWh (2001) |
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Electricity - imports:
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0
kWh (2001) |
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Oil - production:
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5,100
bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - consumption:
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24,000
bbl/day (2001 est.) |
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Oil - exports:
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NA
(2001) |
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Oil - imports:
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NA
(2001) |
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Natural gas - production:
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0
cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - consumption:
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1.27
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - exports:
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0
cu m (2001 est.) |
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Natural gas - imports:
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1.27
billion cu m (2001 est.) |
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Agriculture - products:
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potatoes,
vegetables; livestock and dairy products; fish |
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Exports:
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$3.4
billion f.o.b. (2002) |
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Exports - commodities:
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machinery
and equipment 33%, wood and paper 15%, textiles
14%, food products 8%, furniture 7%, metals, chemical
products (2001) |
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Exports - partners:
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Finland
19.2%, Sweden 13.2%, UK 10.6%, Latvia 7.4%, Germany
7.2% (2002) |
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Imports:
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$4.4
billion f.o.b. (2002) |
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Imports - commodities:
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machinery
and equipment 33.5%, chemical products 11.6%, textiles
10.3%, foodstuffs 9.4%, transportation equipment
8.9% (2001) |
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Imports - partners:
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Russia
26.6%, Finland 18.9%, Germany 9.2%, Sweden 8.2%
(2002) |
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Debt - external:
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$3.3
billion (2001 est.) |
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Economic aid - recipient:
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$108
million (2000) |
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Currency:
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Estonian
kroon (EEK) |
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Currency code:
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EEK
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Exchange rates:
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krooni
per US dollar - 16.61 (2002), 17.56 (2001), 16.97
(2000), 14.68 (1999), 14.07 (1998) |
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Fiscal year:
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calendar
year
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Telephones - main lines in
use:
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501,691
(2000) |
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Telephones - mobile cellular:
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711,000
(yearend 2001) |
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Telephone system:
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general
assessment: foreign investment in the form of
joint business ventures greatly improved telephone
service; substantial fiber-optic cable systems carry
telephone, TV, and radio traffic in the digital
mode; internet services are available throughout
most of the country - only about 11,000 subscriber
requests were unfilled by September 2000
domestic: a wide range of high quality voice,
data, and internet services is available throughout
the country
international: fiber-optic cables to Finland,
Sweden, Latvia, and Russia provide worldwide packet-switched
service; two international switches are located
in Tallinn (2001) |
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Radio broadcast stations:
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AM
0, FM 98, shortwave 0 (2001) |
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Television broadcast stations:
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3
(2001) |
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Internet country code:
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.ee
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Internet Service Providers
(ISPs):
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38
(2001) |
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Internet users:
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429,700
(2002)
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Railways:
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total:
968 km
broad gauge: 968 km 1.520-m/1.524-m gauge
(132 km electrified)
note:: gauge being increased from 1.520-m
to 1.524-m to reduce wear on wheels and rail as
lines are modernized (2002) |
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Highways:
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total:
51,411 km
paved: 10,334 km (including 94 km of expressways)
unpaved: 41,077 km (2000) |
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Waterways:
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320
km (perennially navigable) (2002) |
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Pipelines:
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gas
859 km (2003) |
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Ports and harbors:
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Haapsalu,
Kunda, Muuga, Paldiski, Parnu, Tallinn |
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Merchant marine:
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total:
33 ships (1,000 GRT or over) 200,807 GRT/169,899
DWT
note: includes a foreign-owned ship registered
here as a flag of convenience: Liberia 1 (2002 est.)
ships by type: bulk 2, cargo 13, container
5, petroleum tanker 2, roll on/roll off 6, short-sea
passenger 5 |
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Airports:
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38
(2002) |
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Airports - with paved runways:
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total:
14
2,438 to 3,047 m: 9
1,524 to 2,437 m: 1
under 914 m: 4 (2002) |
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Airports - with unpaved runways:
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total: 24
over 3,047 m: 1
2,438 to 3,047 m: 5
1,524 to 2,437 m: 7
914 to 1,523 m: 5
under 914 m: 6 (2002)
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A lire également:
Géographie,
Population et informations sur la constitution gouvernementale
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